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	<title>
	Reacties op: Maakbaarheid van een schaakkampioen: ontdek en begeleid ze jong, maar hoe jong?	</title>
	<atom:link href="https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/</link>
	<description>Voor schakers / Door schakers</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sat, 17 Jan 2026 19:57:28 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>
		Door: LDBoutens		</title>
		<link>https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26084</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[LDBoutens]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Jan 2026 19:57:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://schaaksite.nl/?p=135910#comment-26084</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In antwoord op &lt;a href=&quot;https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26075&quot;&gt;LDBoutens&lt;/a&gt;.

Dag Arjo,

Ik denk dat je ongelijk hebt met je laatste opmerking maar wellicht dat de kenners zich hier nog eens over kunnen uitlaten. Giri was een enorm talent maar het vrijmaken van dit soort bedragen ten faveure van de schaakontwikkeling van de beste jongeman heeft er onmiskenbaar aan bijgedragen.

Afijn, geen Wintertaling die zich hier verder druk over maakt.

Moedig voorwaarts!]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In antwoord op <a href="https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26075" data-wpel-link="internal">LDBoutens</a>.</p>
<p>Dag Arjo,</p>
<p>Ik denk dat je ongelijk hebt met je laatste opmerking maar wellicht dat de kenners zich hier nog eens over kunnen uitlaten. Giri was een enorm talent maar het vrijmaken van dit soort bedragen ten faveure van de schaakontwikkeling van de beste jongeman heeft er onmiskenbaar aan bijgedragen.</p>
<p>Afijn, geen Wintertaling die zich hier verder druk over maakt.</p>
<p>Moedig voorwaarts!</p>
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		<title>
		Door: Pieter Priems		</title>
		<link>https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26077</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Pieter Priems]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Jan 2026 11:15:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://schaaksite.nl/?p=135910#comment-26077</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In antwoord op &lt;a href=&quot;https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26066&quot;&gt;Frits Fritschy&lt;/a&gt;.

Ik denk dat je alle vaardigheden  en dus ook geconcentreerd nadenken niet kan afdwingen. Het is leren en (be)oefenen. Wel opvallend dat die kinderen die op internet zitten nog geconcentreed kunnen denken. Ik betrap me erop dat door het gebruik van allerlei elektronische IT hulpmiddelen ik minder ga nadenken en zelf zaken uitzoeken. Lang gecentreerd nadenken zit toch al niet zo in mijn systeem, daar moet ik mijn best voor doen. Als het nieuw is en er een uitdaging aan vast zit gaat het al een stuk beter. Wellicht is dat de kracht van de jeugd, alles is nieuw en te ontdekken.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In antwoord op <a href="https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26066" data-wpel-link="internal">Frits Fritschy</a>.</p>
<p>Ik denk dat je alle vaardigheden  en dus ook geconcentreerd nadenken niet kan afdwingen. Het is leren en (be)oefenen. Wel opvallend dat die kinderen die op internet zitten nog geconcentreed kunnen denken. Ik betrap me erop dat door het gebruik van allerlei elektronische IT hulpmiddelen ik minder ga nadenken en zelf zaken uitzoeken. Lang gecentreerd nadenken zit toch al niet zo in mijn systeem, daar moet ik mijn best voor doen. Als het nieuw is en er een uitdaging aan vast zit gaat het al een stuk beter. Wellicht is dat de kracht van de jeugd, alles is nieuw en te ontdekken.</p>
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		<title>
		Door: Arjo Schreuders		</title>
		<link>https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26076</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Arjo Schreuders]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Jan 2026 08:20:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://schaaksite.nl/?p=135910#comment-26076</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In antwoord op &lt;a href=&quot;https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26075&quot;&gt;LDBoutens&lt;/a&gt;.

Dan verschillen we daarover blijvend van mening.
Blijft echter dat toen Giri zich in Nederland vestigde het leeuwendeel van zijn schaakeducatie al verricht was in Rusland. En ik blijf dus bij wat ik in de laatste paar zinnen van mijn eerste bijdrage schreef.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In antwoord op <a href="https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26075" data-wpel-link="internal">LDBoutens</a>.</p>
<p>Dan verschillen we daarover blijvend van mening.<br />
Blijft echter dat toen Giri zich in Nederland vestigde het leeuwendeel van zijn schaakeducatie al verricht was in Rusland. En ik blijf dus bij wat ik in de laatste paar zinnen van mijn eerste bijdrage schreef.</p>
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		<title>
		Door: LDBoutens		</title>
		<link>https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26075</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[LDBoutens]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Jan 2026 07:43:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://schaaksite.nl/?p=135910#comment-26075</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In antwoord op &lt;a href=&quot;https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26073&quot;&gt;Arjo Schreuders&lt;/a&gt;.

Dag Arjo,

Ik zie nu dat je van beleid voeren gestructureerd beleid voeren hebt gemaakt. Je verandert dus tussentijds de spelregels van je eigen bijdrage(-n). :)

Geld beschikbaar stellen om een talentvolle jongeling naar de schaaktop te helpen is wel degelijk beleid voeren. Je faciliteert als bond immers hiermee tal van ontwikkelingen.

Moedig voorwaarts!]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In antwoord op <a href="https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26073" data-wpel-link="internal">Arjo Schreuders</a>.</p>
<p>Dag Arjo,</p>
<p>Ik zie nu dat je van beleid voeren gestructureerd beleid voeren hebt gemaakt. Je verandert dus tussentijds de spelregels van je eigen bijdrage(-n). 🙂</p>
<p>Geld beschikbaar stellen om een talentvolle jongeling naar de schaaktop te helpen is wel degelijk beleid voeren. Je faciliteert als bond immers hiermee tal van ontwikkelingen.</p>
<p>Moedig voorwaarts!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
		
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		<item>
		<title>
		Door: LDBoutens		</title>
		<link>https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26074</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[LDBoutens]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Jan 2026 07:40:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://schaaksite.nl/?p=135910#comment-26074</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In antwoord op &lt;a href=&quot;https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26067&quot;&gt;Melchior Vesters&lt;/a&gt;.

Dag Melchior,

Lees mijn reactie nog eens wil je. Er staat echt iets heel anders.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In antwoord op <a href="https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26067" data-wpel-link="internal">Melchior Vesters</a>.</p>
<p>Dag Melchior,</p>
<p>Lees mijn reactie nog eens wil je. Er staat echt iets heel anders.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>
		Door: Arjo Schreuders		</title>
		<link>https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26073</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Arjo Schreuders]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Jan 2026 06:39:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://schaaksite.nl/?p=135910#comment-26073</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In antwoord op &lt;a href=&quot;https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26063&quot;&gt;Dimitri Reinderman&lt;/a&gt;.

Het voeren van gestructureerd beleid is wel wat meer dan alleen het beschikbaar stellen van een grote zak geld.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In antwoord op <a href="https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26063" data-wpel-link="internal">Dimitri Reinderman</a>.</p>
<p>Het voeren van gestructureerd beleid is wel wat meer dan alleen het beschikbaar stellen van een grote zak geld.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>
		Door: Rick den Haag		</title>
		<link>https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26070</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Rick den Haag]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2026 22:15:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://schaaksite.nl/?p=135910#comment-26070</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Leuk onderwerp! Voor wie het interessant vindt om meer te weten over de maakbaarheid van een kampioen, is het artikel van onder meer Ruud den Hartigh wellicht boeiend. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full&lt;/a&gt;

Een stuk hieruit:
&quot;[..] &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;we shall first give a brief overview of the existing literature on excellence, and where necessary, touch upon the related topics of talent and expertise (note that a discussion of the differences between the nature of these concepts is not the aim of this article). Already in 1869, sir Francis Galton published a book on the heredity of genius.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B55&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Galton (1869)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;studied the family-trees of eminent scientists, poets, musicians, artists, and athletes, and found that the relatives of these individuals often were excellent performers as well. Therefore, in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B56&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Galton&#039;s (1875)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;words “there is no escape from the conclusion that nature prevails enormously over nurture” (p. 241). However, around that same time,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B37&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;De Candolle (1873)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;wrote a book in which he stated that environmental resources (e.g., family, education, facilities), and hence nurture, is the primary explanation for the development of excellence. De Candolle based this conclusion on his observation that excellent scientists, including Galton, were raised under beneficial environmental circumstances, such as high-quality education. He therefore concluded that a stimulating environment (i.e., nurture) is the key to excellence. These early works on excellence gave rise to the famous nature-nurture debate that has featured prominently in the domain of psychology ever since. The identification of specific nature and nurture components underlying excellent human performance has remained a major challenge.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;mb15&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.375rem; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #f7f7f7;&quot;&gt;In line with the early ideas of &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B55&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Galton (1869)&lt;/a&gt;, several researchers hold the view that excellent performance primarily develops out of a specific property in the person, in the sense of some &lt;i style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;innate talent&lt;/i&gt; or a &lt;i style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;gift&lt;/i&gt; (e.g., &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B94&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Mayer, 2005&lt;/a&gt;). This gift is often identified as domain-specific &lt;i style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;genetic endowment&lt;/i&gt; (e.g., &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Bloom, 1982&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B159&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Winner, 2000&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B129&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Simonton, 2005&lt;/a&gt;). This entails that individuals who have a domain-specific gift (e.g., in science, music, sports, etc.) have the potential to reach excellent performance (e.g., &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B53&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Gagné, 2004&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B54&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/a&gt;). On the other hand, in accordance with the early view of &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B37&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;De Candolle (1873)&lt;/a&gt;, researchers have postulated that the environment plays a major role. That is, an individual&#039;s development of excellent performance can be supported (or limited) by the home environment or the support of a teacher or coach, for instance (e.g., &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B132&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Sloane, 1985&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B81&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Jussim and Eccles, 1992&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B151&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Van Yperen, 1995&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B152&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;1998&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B76&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Howe et al., 1998&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Côté, 1999&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Barab and Plucker, 2002&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B18&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Bloom, 2002&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Baker et al., 2003a&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B142&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Van Bakermans-Kranenburg et al., 2005&lt;/a&gt;). A third point of view is that a great amount of effort, i.e., hard work and practice, is required to become an excellent performer. That is, rather than genetic endowment or the environment, many hours of deliberate and high-quality practice are the primary explanation for excellent performance. According to Ericsson and colleagues, becoming an expert often requires more than 10 years of deliberate practice (e.g., &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B46&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Ericsson, 2004&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B49&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Ericsson et al., 1993&lt;/a&gt;; see also &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B17&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Bloom, 1985&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B79&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Johnson et al., 2006&lt;/a&gt;; note that based on a recent meta-analysis, &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B92&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Macnamara et al. (2014)&lt;/a&gt; concluded that deliberate practice is not as important as has been argued).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;mb15&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.375rem; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #f7f7f7;&quot;&gt;Although the different theoretical propositions have not discarded the role of either genetic endowment or environmental factors and practice, they have—sometimes greatly—differed in the emphasis they put on these factors (see &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B17&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Bloom, 1985&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B75&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Howe, 1990&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B76&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Howe et al., 1998&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B159&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Winner, 2000&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B50&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Ericsson et al., 2007&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B130&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Simonton, 2007&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B25&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Colvin, 2008&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a style=&quot;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B30&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow ugc&quot;&gt;Coyle, 2009&lt;/a&gt;). However, in general researchers seem to have reached consensus that excellence is multidimensional.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Leuk onderwerp! Voor wie het interessant vindt om meer te weten over de maakbaarheid van een kampioen, is het artikel van onder meer Ruud den Hartigh wellicht boeiend. <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full</a></p>
<p>Een stuk hieruit:<br />
&#8220;[..] <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">we shall first give a brief overview of the existing literature on excellence, and where necessary, touch upon the related topics of talent and expertise (note that a discussion of the differences between the nature of these concepts is not the aim of this article). Already in 1869, sir Francis Galton published a book on the heredity of genius.</span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><a style="font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B55" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Galton (1869)</a><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">studied the family-trees of eminent scientists, poets, musicians, artists, and athletes, and found that the relatives of these individuals often were excellent performers as well. Therefore, in</span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><a style="font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B56" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Galton&#8217;s (1875)</a><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">words “there is no escape from the conclusion that nature prevails enormously over nurture” (p. 241). However, around that same time,</span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><a style="font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B37" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">De Candolle (1873)</a><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">wrote a book in which he stated that environmental resources (e.g., family, education, facilities), and hence nurture, is the primary explanation for the development of excellence. De Candolle based this conclusion on his observation that excellent scientists, including Galton, were raised under beneficial environmental circumstances, such as high-quality education. He therefore concluded that a stimulating environment (i.e., nurture) is the key to excellence. These early works on excellence gave rise to the famous nature-nurture debate that has featured prominently in the domain of psychology ever since. The identification of specific nature and nurture components underlying excellent human performance has remained a major challenge.</span></p>
<p class="mb15" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.375rem; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #f7f7f7;">In line with the early ideas of <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B55" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Galton (1869)</a>, several researchers hold the view that excellent performance primarily develops out of a specific property in the person, in the sense of some <i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box;">innate talent</i> or a <i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box;">gift</i> (e.g., <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B94" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Mayer, 2005</a>). This gift is often identified as domain-specific <i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box;">genetic endowment</i> (e.g., <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B16" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Bloom, 1982</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B159" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Winner, 2000</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B129" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Simonton, 2005</a>). This entails that individuals who have a domain-specific gift (e.g., in science, music, sports, etc.) have the potential to reach excellent performance (e.g., <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B53" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Gagné, 2004</a>, <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B54" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">2013</a>). On the other hand, in accordance with the early view of <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B37" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">De Candolle (1873)</a>, researchers have postulated that the environment plays a major role. That is, an individual&#8217;s development of excellent performance can be supported (or limited) by the home environment or the support of a teacher or coach, for instance (e.g., <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B132" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Sloane, 1985</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B81" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Jussim and Eccles, 1992</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B151" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Van Yperen, 1995</a>, <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B152" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">1998</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B76" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Howe et al., 1998</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B26" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Côté, 1999</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B10" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Barab and Plucker, 2002</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B18" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Bloom, 2002</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B8" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Baker et al., 2003a</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B142" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Van Bakermans-Kranenburg et al., 2005</a>). A third point of view is that a great amount of effort, i.e., hard work and practice, is required to become an excellent performer. That is, rather than genetic endowment or the environment, many hours of deliberate and high-quality practice are the primary explanation for excellent performance. According to Ericsson and colleagues, becoming an expert often requires more than 10 years of deliberate practice (e.g., <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B46" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Ericsson, 2004</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B49" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Ericsson et al., 1993</a>; see also <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B17" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Bloom, 1985</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B79" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Johnson et al., 2006</a>; note that based on a recent meta-analysis, <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B92" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Macnamara et al. (2014)</a> concluded that deliberate practice is not as important as has been argued).</p>
<p class="mb15" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 16px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.375rem; font-family: ThinSpaceFallback, InftyFallback, MuseoSans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #f7f7f7;">Although the different theoretical propositions have not discarded the role of either genetic endowment or environmental factors and practice, they have—sometimes greatly—differed in the emphasis they put on these factors (see <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B17" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Bloom, 1985</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B75" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Howe, 1990</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B76" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Howe et al., 1998</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B159" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Winner, 2000</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B50" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Ericsson et al., 2007</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B130" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Simonton, 2007</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B25" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Colvin, 2008</a>; <a style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: revert; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; color: #003bde; cursor: pointer; position: relative; transition: color 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.37, 0.74, 0.15, 1); word-break: break-word;" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532/full#B30" rel="nofollow ugc external noopener noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank">Coyle, 2009</a>). However, in general researchers seem to have reached consensus that excellence is multidimensional.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>
		Door: Melchior Vesters		</title>
		<link>https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26067</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Melchior Vesters]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2026 17:31:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://schaaksite.nl/?p=135910#comment-26067</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Schaken is niet belangrijk genoeg in Nederland om er je leven aan te wijden. Wat betaalt het nou helemaal? Het idee van &#039;supertalent&#039; - en daarvoor een slim jong mens totaal eenzijdig vormen - leeft gelukkig minder in ons landje dan in landen die meer status nastreven, zoals India of China. Dit heeft op zich niks te maken met dat we hier niet willen werken, zoals Boutens beweert, maar met de nuchtere vraag wat tijd opofferen oplevert. Ik heb genoeg sterke schakers gekend die buitengewoon slim zijn, maar een beter gebalanceerde keus hebben gemaakt voor ander werk. So what als daardoor hun schaaktop op ca. 2300-2400 ligt? Ze hebben inkomens waar een top-100-speler enkel van kan dromen.


Verder vraag ik me af of schaken als kijksport gediend is bij een focus op tieners. Nog los van of een leven voor de camera&#039;s niet schadelijk is voor &#039;wonderkinderen&#039; zelf, heb ik er als kijker ook weinig mee. Iemand die alleen maar schaakt, heeft verder niks te melden. Het is niet boeiend als een jongeman zoveelentwintig zetten Siciliaanse theorie eruit kan gooien. Tuurlijk zijn dat efficiënte patronen, maar er zitten geen oorspronkelijke gedachten achter: wat een smalle vorming! Qua begeleiding zou ik het dus beter vinden als een Nederlands &#039;supertalent&#039; wordt opgeleid om géén prof te worden, maar een breder gevormd mens.

&#160;

&#160;]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Schaken is niet belangrijk genoeg in Nederland om er je leven aan te wijden. Wat betaalt het nou helemaal? Het idee van &#8216;supertalent&#8217; &#8211; en daarvoor een slim jong mens totaal eenzijdig vormen &#8211; leeft gelukkig minder in ons landje dan in landen die meer status nastreven, zoals India of China. Dit heeft op zich niks te maken met dat we hier niet willen werken, zoals Boutens beweert, maar met de nuchtere vraag wat tijd opofferen oplevert. Ik heb genoeg sterke schakers gekend die buitengewoon slim zijn, maar een beter gebalanceerde keus hebben gemaakt voor ander werk. So what als daardoor hun schaaktop op ca. 2300-2400 ligt? Ze hebben inkomens waar een top-100-speler enkel van kan dromen.</p>
<p>Verder vraag ik me af of schaken als kijksport gediend is bij een focus op tieners. Nog los van of een leven voor de camera&#8217;s niet schadelijk is voor &#8216;wonderkinderen&#8217; zelf, heb ik er als kijker ook weinig mee. Iemand die alleen maar schaakt, heeft verder niks te melden. Het is niet boeiend als een jongeman zoveelentwintig zetten Siciliaanse theorie eruit kan gooien. Tuurlijk zijn dat efficiënte patronen, maar er zitten geen oorspronkelijke gedachten achter: wat een smalle vorming! Qua begeleiding zou ik het dus beter vinden als een Nederlands &#8216;supertalent&#8217; wordt opgeleid om géén prof te worden, maar een breder gevormd mens.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>
		Door: Frits Fritschy		</title>
		<link>https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26066</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Frits Fritschy]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2026 17:16:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://schaaksite.nl/?p=135910#comment-26066</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Ik speelde een paar jaar geleden tegen een jongetje van acht op een rapidtoernooi hier in Frankrijk en ik mocht uiteindelijk blij zijn met remise. Hij wist me ook het een en ander over de opening uit te leggen. Na de partij ging hij doen wat andere jongetjes van acht doen: met een hond spelen, rondrennen etc. Ik heb hem gegoogled en hij bleek tweede te zijn geworden op het WK in zijn categorie (rating 1800 &lt;em&gt;and counting&lt;/em&gt;) en het daarnaast goed te doen op school, gitaar te spelen en ook nog te sporten. Er zijn meer van dit soort verhalen; denk alleen maar aan de familie Polgar.

Ik bedoel maar, de situatie bij schaken is toch wel wat anders dan bij pakweg tennis of turnen. Bij schaken ontwikkelen jonge talenten zich alleen maar als ze er plezier in hebben. Geconcentreerd nadenken kun je niet afdwingen, in tegenstelling tot over een balk lopen of tegen een bal slaan.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ik speelde een paar jaar geleden tegen een jongetje van acht op een rapidtoernooi hier in Frankrijk en ik mocht uiteindelijk blij zijn met remise. Hij wist me ook het een en ander over de opening uit te leggen. Na de partij ging hij doen wat andere jongetjes van acht doen: met een hond spelen, rondrennen etc. Ik heb hem gegoogled en hij bleek tweede te zijn geworden op het WK in zijn categorie (rating 1800 <em>and counting</em>) en het daarnaast goed te doen op school, gitaar te spelen en ook nog te sporten. Er zijn meer van dit soort verhalen; denk alleen maar aan de familie Polgar.</p>
<p>Ik bedoel maar, de situatie bij schaken is toch wel wat anders dan bij pakweg tennis of turnen. Bij schaken ontwikkelen jonge talenten zich alleen maar als ze er plezier in hebben. Geconcentreerd nadenken kun je niet afdwingen, in tegenstelling tot over een balk lopen of tegen een bal slaan.</p>
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		<title>
		Door: LDBoutens		</title>
		<link>https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26064</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[LDBoutens]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2026 15:45:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://schaaksite.nl/?p=135910#comment-26064</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In antwoord op &lt;a href=&quot;https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26063&quot;&gt;Dimitri Reinderman&lt;/a&gt;.

Ik dacht me toch ook te herinneren dat een KNSB bestuur van begin deze eeuw een bedrag a 90 of 100.000 euro had gereserveerd om te investeren in de schaakcarriere van Giri.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In antwoord op <a href="https://schaaksite.nl/2026/01/15/maakbaarheid-van-een-schaakkampioen-ontdek-en-begeleid-ze-jong-maar-hoe-jong/#comment-26063" data-wpel-link="internal">Dimitri Reinderman</a>.</p>
<p>Ik dacht me toch ook te herinneren dat een KNSB bestuur van begin deze eeuw een bedrag a 90 of 100.000 euro had gereserveerd om te investeren in de schaakcarriere van Giri.</p>
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